湖南成人教育學(xué)位英語(yǔ)【完形填空】
練習(xí)和答案詳解（4）
（1）
From childhood to old age, we all use language as a means of broadening our knowledge of ourselves and the world about us. When humans first
1 , they were like newborn children, unable to use this
2 tool. Yet once language developed, the possibilities for human kind‘s future
3 and cultural growth increased.
Many linguists believe that evolution is
4 for our ability to produce and use language. They
5 that our highly evolved brain provides us
6 an innate language ability not found in lower
7 . Proponents of this innateness theory say that our
8 for language is inborn, but that language itself develops gradually,
9 a function of the growth of the brain during childhood. Therefore there are critical
10 times for language development.
Current
11 of innateness theory are mixed, however, evidence supporting the existence of some innate abilities is undeniable.
12 , more and more schools are discovering that foreign languages are best taught in
13grades. Young children often can learn several languages by being
14 to them, while adults have a much harder time learning another language once the
15 of their first language have become firmly fixed.
16 some aspects of language are undeniably innate, language does not develop automatically in a vacuum. Children who have been
17 from other human beings do not possess language. This demonstrates that
18 with other human beings is necessary for proper language development. Some linguists believe that this is even more basic to human language
19 than any innate capacities. These theorists view language as imitative, learned behavior.
20 , children learn language from their parents by imitating them. Parents gradually shape their child's language skills by positively reinforcing precise imitations and negatively reinforcing imprecise ones.
1.A.generated B.evolved C.born D.originated
2.A.valuable B.appropriate C.convenient D.favorite
3.A.attainments B.feasibility C.entertainments D.evolution
4.A.essential B.available C.reliable D.responsible
5.A.confirm B.inform C.claim D.convince
6.A.for B.from C.of D.with
7.A.organizations B.organisms C.humans D.children
8.A.potential B.performance C.preference D.passion
9.A.as B.just as C.like D.unlike
10.A.ideological B.biological C.social D.psychological
11.A.reviews B.reference C.reaction D.recommendation
12.A.In a word B.In a sense C.Indeed D.In other words
13.A.various B.different C.the higher D.the lower
14.A.revealed B.exposed C.engaged D.involved
15.A.regulations B.formations C.rules D.constitutions
16.A.Although B.Whether C.Since D.When
17.A.distinguished B.different C.protected D.isolated
18.A.exposition B.comparison C.contrast D.interaction
19.A.acquisition B.appreciation C.requirement D.alternative
20.A.As a result B.After all C.In other words D.Above all
(2)
Shopping habits in the United States have changed greatly in the last quarter of the 20th century.
1 in the 1900s most American towns and cities had a Main Street. Main Street was always in the heart of a town. This street was
2 on both sides with many
3 businesses. Here, shoppers walked into stores to look at all sorts of merchandise: clothing, furniture, hardware, groceries.
4 ,some shops offered
5 .These shops included drugstores, restaurants, shoe-repair stores, and barber or hairdressing shops.
6 in the 1950s, a change began to
7.Too many automobiles had crowded into Main Street
8 too few parking places were
9 shoppers. Because the streets were crowded, merchants began to look with interest at the open spaces
10 the city limits. Open space is what their car-driving customers needed.
And open space is what they got
11 the first shopping centre was built. Shopping centres, or rather malls,
12 as a collection of small new stores
13 crowded city centres.
14 by hundreds of free parking space, customers were drawn away from
15 areas to outlying malls. And the growing
16 of shopping centres led
17 to the building of bigger and betterstocked stores.
18 the late 1970s,many shopping malls had almost developed into small cities themselves. In addition to providing the
19 of one stop shopping, malls were transformed into landscaped parks,
20 benches, fountains, and outdoor entertainment.
1.A.As early as B.Early C.Early as D.Earlier
2.A.built B.designed C.intented D.lined
3.A.varied B.various C.sorted D.mixed up
4.A.Apart from B.However C.In addition D.As well
5.A.medical care B.food C.cosmetics D.services
6.A.suddenly B.Abruptly C.Contrarily D.But
7.A.be taking place B.take place C.be taken place D.have taken place
8.A.while B.yet C.though D.and then
9.A.available for B.available to C.used by D.ready for
10.A.over B.from C.out of D.outside
11.A.when B.while C.since D.then
12.A.started B.founded C.set up D.organized
13.A.out of B.away from C.next to D.near
14.A.Attracted B.Surprised C.Delighted D.Enjoyed
15.A.inner B.central C.shopping D.downtown
16.A.distinction B.fame C.popularity D.liking
17.A.on B.in turn C.by turns D.further
18.A.By B.During C.In D.Towards
19.A.cheapness B.readiness C.convenience D.handiness
20.A.because of B.and C.with D.provided
【答案與解析】
（1）
1. B 此處意為：當(dāng)人類剛剛開始進(jìn)化，他們?nèi)缤律鷥阂粯硬粫?huì)運(yùn)用語(yǔ)言這種工具。
evolved逐漸發(fā)展，進(jìn)化符合題意。generated生殖，發(fā)展；born (bear的過去分詞)不能作謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞；originated起源，不能用first修飾。
2. A 根據(jù)語(yǔ)法分析，答案應(yīng)用來(lái)修飾語(yǔ)言的。valuable珍貴的；appropriate合適的，適當(dāng)?shù)模籧onvenient方便的，便利的；favorite最喜歡的。語(yǔ)言并不是人類選擇的結(jié)果，而是人類在進(jìn)化過程中慢慢發(fā)展起來(lái)的，對(duì)人類來(lái)說(shuō)，應(yīng)當(dāng)是珍貴的。
3. A 此處意思是：語(yǔ)言的發(fā)展增加了人類未來(lái)的成就和文化進(jìn)步的可能性。attainments成就；feasibility可行性；entertainments娛樂；evolution進(jìn)化。
4. D 此處意為：許多語(yǔ)言學(xué)家認(rèn)為進(jìn)化使人們產(chǎn)生和具備了語(yǔ)言的能力。固定短語(yǔ)be responsible for對(duì)……負(fù)責(zé)，是……的原由。其它選項(xiàng)不與for搭配。
5. C 根據(jù)語(yǔ)法分析,空格后應(yīng)是一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句，而A，B，D三項(xiàng)后都不能接從句做直接賓語(yǔ)。confirm(確認(rèn))+名詞；inform(通知)sb.of sth.；convince(使某人確信) sb.of sth.
6. D 固定搭配provide sb.with sth.意為“向(人)提供(物)”
7. B 此處意為：我們高度發(fā)達(dá)的大腦是我們具備了其它低等動(dòng)物所不具備的語(yǔ)言能力。顯然，這里是把人和低等動(dòng)物相比較。因此選organisms有機(jī)體，生物體。
8. A 此句意思是：人類的語(yǔ)言能力是與生俱來(lái)的，但語(yǔ)言本身也在逐漸發(fā)展，所以這種能力應(yīng)該是潛在的。potential潛力；performance履行；preference偏愛；passion激情。
9. A 此句句義是：語(yǔ)言本身作為童年時(shí)期大腦生長(zhǎng)的一種功能，其發(fā)展是緩慢的。as (作為，當(dāng)作)合乎題意。Like作為介詞的意思是“像……一樣”。
10. B 此句意為：語(yǔ)言的發(fā)展有一個(gè)關(guān)鍵期，人體的成長(zhǎng)是生物變化的過程。biological生物的；ideological思想上的；social社會(huì)的；psychological心理的。
11. A 此處意為：目前人們對(duì)“先天論”評(píng)論觀點(diǎn)不一，但是支持某些天生能力的證據(jù)卻是確鑿無(wú)疑的。reviews評(píng)論；reference參考；reaction反應(yīng)；recommendation推薦。
12. C 從11題可看出，作者是傾向于先天論的，為了進(jìn)一步證明先天論是有道理的，作者選擇了以學(xué)校為例加以說(shuō)明，因此這里應(yīng)填一個(gè)表示遞進(jìn)關(guān)系的詞Indeed(甚至)。
13. D 此處意思是：越來(lái)越多的學(xué)校發(fā)現(xiàn)在什么年級(jí)學(xué)外語(yǔ)較容易，根據(jù)常識(shí)(低年級(jí)學(xué)外語(yǔ)較容易)以及后文的Young children often can learn several languages by being 14 to them, while adults…可以選定答案。
14. B 此處意為：通過接觸多種語(yǔ)言，孩子們可以學(xué)會(huì)好幾種語(yǔ)言。be exposed to是固定搭配，接觸到。reveal(顯露)sth.to sb，不合題意，因本題中的them指languages。其余選項(xiàng)不與to搭配。engage in從事；be involved in參與。
15. C 此句意思是：一旦母語(yǔ)的規(guī)則被深深印入腦海中，成年人就很難再學(xué)好另一種語(yǔ)言。rules規(guī)則，規(guī)律；regulations規(guī)定；formations構(gòu)成，構(gòu)造；constitutions憲法，章程。
16. A 分析上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，從句意思是：語(yǔ)言的某些方面肯定是先天的。主句意思是：語(yǔ)言不會(huì)在與人隔絕的狀況下自行發(fā)展。前后應(yīng)為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。
17. D 此句意為：與人隔絕的兒童不能掌握好一門語(yǔ)言。isolated孤立的，與人隔絕的；distinguished區(qū)別的，杰出的；different不同的；protected受到保護(hù)的。
18. D 此句總結(jié)前幾句，意為：必須通過與他人交往，語(yǔ)言才能夠發(fā)展。interaction相互作用；exposition暴露；comparison比較；contrast對(duì)比。
19. A 根據(jù)分析，本句中的“this”和“even more basic”分別指代上句的“interaction with other human beings”和“necessary”，此處所填詞對(duì)應(yīng)上文中的language development。也就是說(shuō)，language acquisition語(yǔ)言習(xí)得。appreciation欣賞,感激；requirement要求；alternative轉(zhuǎn)移，轉(zhuǎn)變，轉(zhuǎn)換。
20. C 本句功能是以另一種方式解釋前文中的“imitative, learned behavior.(模仿性的后天行為)”。In other words換言之，換句話說(shuō)；As a result結(jié)果是；After all畢竟；Above all首先。
（2）
1. B as early as的意思為“同……一樣早”, early是副詞，“早期”的意思，earlier是比較級(jí)“較早”的意思。
2. D 本句的意思是“街道的兩旁排列著很多各種各樣的商店”，build的意思是“建造，修建”，design的意思是“設(shè)計(jì)”，intend“意思是“打算”，line是“沿……排列”的意思。
3. B varied是“變化多端”的意思，various為“各種各樣的”，sorted意為“分類的”，mixedup意為“困惑的，迷惘的，不適應(yīng)社會(huì)的”。本句意為“各種各樣的商店”。
4. C 本句的意思是“除了各種各樣的商店銷售各種各樣的商品之外，有些商店還提供服務(wù)”，apart from意為“除此之外”，后必須接名詞或動(dòng)名詞，however是連詞“然而”的意思，in addition可單獨(dú)使用，意為“除此之外”，as well用在句末。
5. D medical care意為“醫(yī)療護(hù)理”。food是“食物”，cosmetic是“化妝品”，service是“服務(wù)”，根據(jù)上題意思，service一詞放在這里最合適。
6. D 本句的意思是“在五十年代，情況發(fā)生了變化”，有轉(zhuǎn)折的意思。suddenly和abruptly都是“突然”的意思，contrarily指“相反地”，but是“但是”的意思,表轉(zhuǎn)折。
7. B take place只有主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，故可排除C，而begin to后應(yīng)接動(dòng)詞不定式，只有take place“發(fā)生”可用。
8. A 此句中太多的汽車和太少的停車場(chǎng)有相對(duì)比較的意思，while是連詞，有“而，卻”的意思，表比較。yet“然而”，表轉(zhuǎn)折，though“盡管，雖然”，表讓步。
9. B be available to sb.為固定搭配，意為“對(duì)某人來(lái)說(shuō)可用的，可得到的”，本句意為“顧客可用的停車場(chǎng)地”，故選B。
10. D 本句意為“商人們開始對(duì)城市界限以外的開闊地感興趣”，out of表示“……的外面”而outside指“超過某一個(gè)界限，范圍等”。
11. A 這里是一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。因此用when(在……時(shí)候)。while指“在……期間”；since表示“自從”，主句一般用完成時(shí)。
12. A 本句的意思是“購(gòu)物中心是從聚集一些小的店鋪開始的”，只有started as有此意。
13. B 本句意為“遠(yuǎn)離擁擠的市中心”, out of指“在……之外”，away from表示距離，“遠(yuǎn)離”，next to指“靠近，下一個(gè)”，near是“近”的意思。
14. A 本句意為“被……所吸引”，surprise意為“使……驚奇”，delight意為“使……喜悅”，enjoy意為“欣賞,喜愛”。
15. D 本句意為“顧客從市區(qū)被吸引到城市以外的商業(yè)中心”，只有downtown“市區(qū)”符合此意。
16. C 本句意為“這些購(gòu)物中心越來(lái)越大的名氣反過來(lái)導(dǎo)致了更大，設(shè)備更好的商店的建成”。distinction聲望；fame卓越，好名聲；popularity名氣很大，知名度很高；liking喜愛，喜好。故選C。
17. B 根據(jù)上題解釋，in turn應(yīng)為“依次”的意思，引申為“反過來(lái)”。
18. A 在這四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，只有by所組成的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)與完成時(shí)連用，意為“到……為止”,其他三個(gè)選項(xiàng)均被排除。
19. C 這里convenience與providing組成短語(yǔ)“提供方便，便利”，符合上下文義。
20. C 介詞with在這里的意思是“帶有”，本句意為“商業(yè)街被變成了帶有長(zhǎng)椅、噴泉及戶外娛樂的風(fēng)景優(yōu)美的公園”。
湖南成人教育學(xué)位英語(yǔ)【完形填空】練習(xí)和答案詳解（4）：免費(fèi)下載（word文檔）
