湖南成人教育學位英語【閱讀理解】
練習和答案解析（2）
（一）Job and Dream
My father was foreman of s sugar-cane plantation in Rio piedras, puerto Rico. My first job was to drive the oxen that plowed the cane fields. I would walk behind an ox, guiding him with a broomstick. For $1 a day, I worked eight hours straight, with no food breaks.
It was very tedious work, but it prepared me for life and taught me many lasting lessons. Because the plantation owners were always watching us, I had to be on time every day and work as hard as I could. I’ve never been late for any job since. I also learned about being respectful and loyal to the people you work for. More important, I earned my pay; it never entered my mind to day I was sick just because I didn’t want to work.
I was only six years old, but I was doing a man’s job. our family needed every dollar we could make because my father never earned more than $18 a week. our home was a three-room wood shack with a dirt floor and no toilet. Nothing made me prouder than bringing home money to help my mother, father, two brothers and three sisters. This gave me self-esteem, one of the most important things a person can have.
When I was seven, I got work at a golf course near our house. My job was to stand down the fairway and spot the balls as they landed so the golfers could find them. Losing a ball meant you were fired, so I never miss one. Some nights I would lie in bed and dream of making thousands of dollars playing golf and being able to buy a bicycle.
The more I dreamed, the more I thought, why not? I made my first golf club out of guava limb and a piece of pipe. Then I hammered an empty tin can into the shape of a ball. And finally I dug two small holes in the ground and hit the ball back and forth. I practiced with the same devotion and intensity I learned working in the field – except now I was driving golf balls with club, not oxen with a broomstick.
1. What was the writer’s first job?
A.to stand down the fairway at a golf course.
B.To spot the balls as they landed so the golfers could find them.
C.To drive the oxen that plowed the cane fields.
D.To watch the sugar-cane plantation.
2. The word “tedious” in paragraph 2 most probably means ____.
A.hard
B.boring
C.interesting
D.long
3. What did the writer learn about from his first job?
A.He could work as hard as possible.
B.He could go to work on time.
C.He should never fail to go to work.
D.He should be respectful and loyal to the people he works for.
4. What gave the writer self-esteem?
A.Having a big family.
B.Bringing money back home to help the family.
C.Helping his father with the work.
D.All of the above.
5. What was the writer’s dream while working at a golf course?
A.Making a lot of money by playing golf.
B.Becoming a successful golfer.
C.Running a golf course near his house.
D.Both A & B.
內容提示與分析
本文作者回憶了自己年幼時的兩次工作經歷以及當時的夢想，這是一個交織著辛酸與幸福的故事，令人感到心靈的觸動。全文分兩個層次：第一層次講述了作者的第一份工作---在農田里趕牛犁地。這份工作雖然單調勞累，卻使作者為生活做好了準備，給他上了終身受用的一課。最重要的是，使他為自己那貧困的家庭賺了點錢，這給予了作者人生最寶貴的東西---自尊。第二層講述了他的第二份工作---在高爾夫球場撿球。在努力工作中，作者夢想成為成功的高爾夫球手，能為自己買輛單車。懷著這樣的夢想，年幼時的作者用自制的一個簡易破爛的高爾夫球桿，以他在農田工作時學到的投入精神和熱情進行著練習。
（一）答案及分析：
1. C
分析：作者在第一段的第二句提到：My first job was to drive the oxen that plowed the cane fields.我的第一份工作便是趕著牛犁甘蔗地。很明顯，C符合文章內容；A守候在高爾夫球場的球道上；B當球著地時辨認出來，以便高爾夫球手找到他們。在高爾夫球場的工作雖然作者也做過，但并不是作者的第一份工作，故答案為C。
2. B
分析：文章第二段開始提到：It was very tedious work, but I prepared me for life and taught me many lasting lessons.這份工作雖然很令人厭煩，但是使我對生活做好了準備，為我上了終身受益的一課.從but一詞可以看出這句話明顯帶有轉折的語氣，顯然tedious的語氣與后面“我” 的收獲相反，是否定的語氣。上文提到，I would walk behind an ox, guiding him with a broomstick. For $1 a day, I worked eight hours straight, with no food breaks.我得在一頭牛后面慢慢走，用一根帚柄引導它。一天一美元，我要一直工作8小時，沒有用餐休息時間。這項工作勞動強度雖然不大，但是卻是很單調乏味。A困難的，艱苦的；B 令人生厭的；C有趣的；D漫長的，故答案為B。
3. D
分析：文章第二段提到：I also learned about being respectful and loyal to the people you work for.我也學會了應該尊敬并忠實于你為之工作的人。A他應盡可能努力的工作；B他應該準時上班；C他絕不能上班缺勤；這些選項在文中也提到過，都是在種植園主的監視下作者的實際做法，但并不符合本題的意思。作者在文中提出，在這一份工作中實際學到的便是尊敬和忠實于雇主。故答案為D。
4. B
分析：文章第三段最后提到：Nothing made me prouder than bringing money home to help my mother, father, two brothers, and three sisters. This gave me self-esteem, one of the most important things a person can have.沒有什么比拿錢回家幫助我的母親，父親，兩個兄弟和三個姐妹更令我感到驕傲的了。這給我帶來了自尊---一個人所能擁有的最重要的東西之一。很明顯使作者感到自尊的是能賺錢幫助家人。A并非是作者感到自尊的原因；C也不甚準確；D前面提到的答案都對，這顯然也不符合題目意思。故答案為B。
5. D
分析：文章第四段最后提到：Some nights I would lie in bed and dream of making thousands of dollars playing golf and being able to buy a bicycle.多少個夜晚我躺在床上，夢想著我通過打高爾夫球掙到成千上萬的美元，能夠買一輛自行車。C在他房子附近經營一個高爾夫球場，文章沒提到；A打高爾夫球掙許多錢；B成為一個成功的高爾夫球手。A和B均符合文章的意思，故答案為D。
（二）DNA
Each living cell contained the message EAT, GROW, SPLIT, AND PASS THIS MESSAGE ALONG. But how could cells understand a message> they couldn’t read or write, so what form could these instructions take? For a long time this question baffled (使困惑)scientists, and they worked hard to figure out how the messages of life were passed from generation to generation.
Then in 1953, four scientists solved the mystery. James Waston and Francis Crick, helped by the work of Maurice Wilkins and Rosalind Franklin, figured out the structure if a super-molecule(超分子)called DNA (short for deoxyribonucleic acid 脫氧核糖核酸的縮略)，which contains the cell messages. The three men became world famous and won the Nobel Prize, which is one of the highest honors a scientist can be awarded. But Rosalind Franklin died before people realized how important her work was.
Because DNA is too small to be seen under a microscope, the scientists had to figure out how the molecules that made DNA were fitted together. They discovered that the DNA molecule looked like a twisted rope ladder (扭曲的繩梯), which they called a double helix(雙螺旋). The “rope” and “steps” of the DNA, they said, were made of four kinds of nucleotide (核甘)bases hooked together in special ways that could carry the coed messages of life.
DNA is in the middle of all living cells. It acts as a memory and control for all growth and reproduction. Each “step” in the twisted ladder is a coded “word” of instructions telling the cell how to build itself up step by step, and when to split in two.
When a cell divides, the DNA “unzip”(解開拉練) into two strands (串)，one for each new cells. Each DNA strand contains the full message, and immediately starts building itself back to a double helix by using the chemicals “eaten” by the cells. Soon each cell in the new generation has a full DNA molecule inside it, just like the one in its parent cell. Then the process of growth and division starts all over again.
1.Which of the following statements is not true?
A.Each living cell can take instructions.
B.The DNA molecule is a twisted rope ladder.
C.DNA acts as a memory and control center for all growth and reproduction.
D.DNA gave the first living cells the ability to split and started the amazing story of life.
2.It can be inferred from the passage that ______.
A.Rosalind Franklin won the Nobel Prize for her work on DNA
B.People did not solve the mystery of DNA until the year 1853
C.The discovery of DNA has exerted a profound influence on scientific world
D.Maurice Wilkins died before people realized how important his work was
3.According to the passage, the DNA molecule turns out to be ____.
A.a twisted rope ladder
B.“steps”
C.coded “words”
D.four kinds of nucleotide bases
4.The phrase “the coded messages of life” in the third paragraph can be best replaced by _____.
A.the instructions to eat, grow, split and to pass this message along
B.the process of cell growth and cell division
C.the instructions to build itself up
D.the instructions to split itself in two
5.In the final analysis, a double helix signifies____.
A.the chemicals “eaten” by the cell
B.the structure of a super-molecule called deoxyribonucleic acid
C.the two strands, one for each new cell
D.the parent cell and the body cells
內容提示與分析：
本文主要圍繞DNA講述了一些生物技術的知識。文章開頭提出的問題是：為什么生命信息從一代傳向下一代？科學家發現DNA正是秘密所在。隨后介紹了DNA的雙螺旋結構。DNA處于活細胞的中心，象個記憶庫記憶著信息；最后介紹了DNA通過自我復制生成新的DNA的過程。
（二）答案及分析：
1.B
分析：文章第三段第二句提到：“They discovered that the DNA molecule looked like a twisted rope ladder, which they called a double helix.” DNA 只是看起來像繩子，并非說它真是如此。選項B混淆了事實與比喻。故答案為B。
2.C
分析：由文章第二段可知，科學家獲得了諾貝爾獎，可見其成就的重要性。尤其在最后一句明確指出他們工作的重要性，所以C正確。A不對，因為弗蘭克林在獲獎之前已經去世；B不對，1953年只是發現了DNA，并不意味著完全了解了其秘密；D也不對，與原文不符。故答案為C。
3.D
分析：由文章第三段最后一句“The rope and steps of the DNA, they said, were made of four kinds of nucleotide bases hooked together in special ways that could carry the coded messages of life 可知答案，故答案為D。”
4.A
分析：本體的答案就是第一段第一句：“Each living cell contained the message EAT, GROW, SPLIT, AND PASS THIS MESSAGE ALONG.”之所以選A,是因為它包含的內容最全面，而B, C D三個選項都僅說到了問題的一個方面，故答案為A.
5.B
分析：本題考察對文章的推理。由第三段中的“… which contains the cell messages.”可知答案，雙螺旋結構就是指DNA的結構。故答案為B。
（三）Water Pollution
Water problem in the future will become more intense and more complex. Our increasing population will tremendously increase urban wasters, primarily sewage. On the other hand, increasing demands for water will decrease substantially the amount of water available for building wasters. Rapidly expanding industries which involve more and more complex chemical processes will produce larger volume of liquid wasters, and many of these will contain chemicals which are noxious. To feed our rapidly expanding population, agriculture will have to be intensified. This will involve ever-increasing quantities of agricultural chemicals. From this, it is apparent that drastic steps must be taken immediately to develop corrective measures for the pollution problem.
There are two ways by which this pollution problem can be dwindled. The first relates to the treatment of wastes to decrease their pollution hazard. This involves the processing of solid wasters “prior to” disposal and the treatment of liquid wasters, or effluents, to permit the reuse of the water or minimize pollution upon final disposal.
A second approach is to develop an economic use for all or a part of the wastes. Farm manure is spread in fields as a nutrient or organic supplement. Effluents from sewage disposal plants are used in some areas both for irrigation and for the nutrients contained. Effluents from other processing plants may also be used as a supplemental source of water. Many industries, such as meat and poultry processing plants, are currently converting former waste products into marketable byproducts. Other industries are exploring potential; economic uses for their waste products.
1.The purpose of this passage is _____.
A.to acquaint the reader with water pollution problems
B.to alert the reader the dwindling water supply
C.to explain industrial uses of water
D.to demonstrate various uses of water
2. Which of the following points is NOT included in the passage?
A.Expanding industries need larger volume of water.
B. Demands for water will go up along with the expanding population.
C. Intensive cultivation of land requires more and more chemicals.
D.Industrial development includes the simplification of complex chemical processing.
3. The word “prior to” in Paragraph 2 probably mean____.
A. during B. after
C. before D. beyond
4. The reader can conclude that_____.
A.Countries of the world will work together on pollution problems.
B. Some industries are now making economic use of wastes
C. Byproducts from wastes lead to a more prosperous marketplace
D.Science is making great progress on increasing water supplies
5.The author gives substance to the passage through the use of ____.
A.interviews with authorities in the field of water controls
B. definitions which clarify important terms
C. opinions and personal observations
D.strong arguments and persuasions
內容提示與分析：
這是一篇介紹水污染以及水污染解決辦法的文章。全文可以分為兩個部分：第一部分主要介紹水污染越來越嚴重，比如人口劇增使城市污水增加，工業擴大使含有害化學物質的污水增加。為了解決這些問題，必須采取一定的方法；第二部分主要介紹了兩個解決方法，第一個方法是處理污水以降低其危害，廢水再利用。第二個方法是經濟有效的利用污水。比如農業灌溉和提供工業用水。
（三）答案及分析：
1.A
分析：這篇文章主要介紹污水的現狀以及治理方法。A包含這層意思；B警告讀者要縮減水的供應，原文沒有這個意思；C解釋水在工業上的應用，太片面；D 演示水的不同用法，文中只是介紹污水的使用。故答案為A.
2. D
分析：原文中“Rapidly expanding industries which involve more and more complex chemical processes will produce larger volume of liquid wasters,”剛好與答案D的論述相反，所以文章一定沒有包含D這個選項的內容。其他選項在文章中都可以找到。故答案為D。
3. C
分析：按照常理推斷，處理污水應該先過濾掉固體物質，然后再對剩下的液體進行處理，所以“prior to”一定是“在…之前”的意思，另外，在文章的第二段的末尾有“minimize pollution upon final disposal”,與前面的“disposal”相對應，應該可以分析出，這個“disposal”是“final”的，所以“prior to”是“在…之前”的意思。故答案為C。
4. B
分析：這幾個選項說得都沒有錯，但是能夠從文章中推斷出來的只有B。A文章沒有提及國家間的合作；C文章指說明副產品可以進入市場，但是不一定會帶來市場的繁榮；D文章關于水供給的論述幾乎沒有，故答案為B。
5. C
分析：從全文來看，作者只是在表達個人的觀點以及陳述個人觀察的結果，并沒有采訪專家；也不是在爭論駁斥，勸服他人；更不是在界定一個重要的術語，故答案為C。
【閱讀理解】練習和答案解析（2）：免費下載（word文檔）
